Bipolar disorder

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it’s thought to be a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Family history plays a role, as those with close relatives who have bipolar disorder are at higher risk. Stressful life events, trauma, or substance abuse can also trigger the onset of symptoms.

Symptoms
Bipolar disorder is characterised by extreme mood swings, which can range from manic or hypomanic (elevated or irritable mood) episodes to depressive episodes. These mood shifts can be intense and unpredictable.

• Manic Episode: A period of high energy, euphoria, or irritability, often resulting in impulsive behaviour, reduced need for sleep, and increased talkativeness or goal-directed activity.
• Hypomanic Episode: Similar to a manic episode but less severe; however, it may still impact daily life and relationships.
• Depressive Episode: Periods of low mood, sadness, or hopelessness. Symptoms may include fatigue, loss of interest in activities, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of worthlessness.

The intensity and duration of these episodes can vary between individuals. Some may experience long periods of stability between episodes, while others may experience frequent mood swings.

Coping Strategies

• Keep a Routine: Establishing a daily routine for sleep, meals, and activities can help stabilise mood swings.
• Mood Tracking: Keeping a diary of moods, sleep, and behaviours can help identify patterns and potential triggers.
• Exercise Regularly: Physical activity can improve mood and energy levels, helping to manage depressive symptoms.
• Limit Stress: Avoiding highly stressful situations and practising relaxation techniques can reduce the risk of triggering a manic or depressive episode.
• Set Realistic Goals: Break tasks into smaller, achievable steps to avoid feeling overwhelmed, especially during depressive episodes.

Where to Find Help

• Bipolar UK: A UK charity dedicated to supporting individuals affected by bipolar disorder. They offer support groups, online resources, and peer support.
• Therapy Options: Talking therapies, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) or counselling, can help with managing symptoms and coping strategies.
• Medication: Medications like mood stabilisers or antipsychotics are often prescribed to help manage mood swings. Always consult a healthcare professional for advice.
• Support Groups: Joining a support group can provide a sense of community and understanding from others experiencing similar challenges.